DOIS ANOS DE ANTROPOLOGIA FORENSE NO CENTRO DE MEDICINA LEGAL (CEMEL) DA FACULDADE DE MEDICINA DE RIBEIRÃO PRETO-USP

Forensic Anthropology is an area of knowledge which works in the establishment of a person’s identity through the individualization of his or her intrinsic characteristics. The Medico Legal Centre (CEMEL) of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP) has a Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, which was created in a partnership with the University of Sheffield (UK), which elaborated a protocol for skeletons analysis and put efforts to develop a more reliable work to allow high quality social and scientific results. After two years of work, it was noticed that many skeletons forwarded to CEMEL did not have extremely important elements for the anthropological examination, which could avoid the elaboration of an adequate biological profile of the skeletons and, because of this, postpone its identification. Considering that there is no recent anthropological data in national literature about medico-legal cases of skeletons, this is the first report about the analysis of 42 human skeletons forwarded to CEMEL since its inauguration in 1999. The results showed the main anthropological characteristics of the skeletons as being related to male individuals, from Caucasian ethnic origin, age between 32.71 and 46.29 y.o., height between 1.64 and 1.73, dexterous, without any relevant pathological findings, with informative odontological elements and no clothes or other belongings. Besides, it was evidenced that 61.90% of the skeletons had less than 50% of the bones, with mean of 79.64±52.40 bones per case. Considering this, it is discussed the necessity of improvements in technical qualification and working conditions for those responsible for skeletons collection in the place they are found , as well as their transport, in a way to increase the number of collected bones and, as a consequence, of information for possible identifications.A Antropologia Forense é uma área do conhecimento que busca estabelecer a identidade de um sujeito através da individualização de características intrínsecas a ele. O Centro de Medicina Legal (CEMEL) da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP) possui um Laboratório de Antropologia Forense, criado em parceria com a University of Sheffield (UK), que elaborou um protocolo para análise de ossadas e esforça-se para desenvolver um trabalho mais confiável, que permita resultados sociais e científicos de alta qualidade. Após dois anos de funcionamento, constatou-se que muitas das ossadas encaminhadas ao CEMEL não possuem elementos que são de extrema importância para a realização do exame antropológico, o que pode evitar a elaboração de um perfil biológico adequado da ossada e, em virtude disso, postergar a sua identificação. Considerando-se que não há dados antropológicos recentes na literatura nacional sobre casos médico-legais de ossadas, este é o primeiro trabalho realizado a partir da análise de 42 ossadas humanas encaminhadas ao CEMEL desde sua inauguração em 1999. Os resultados mostraram como principais características antropológicas das ossadas estas estarem relacionadas a indivíduos masculinos, de origem étnica caucasiana, com idade entre 32,71 e 46,29 anos, estatura entre 1,64 e 1,73m, destros, sem achados patológicos relevantes, com elementos odontológicos informativos e sem roupas ou outros pertences. Além disso, foi constatado que 61,90% das ossadas possuíam menos de 50% dos ossos, com média de 79,64±52,40 ossos por caso. Diante disso, discute-se a necessidade de melhorias na capacitação técnica e de condições de trabalho para os responsáveis pela coleta de ossadas no seu local de encontro, assim como no seu transporte, de forma a aumentar o número de ossos coletados e, como conseqüência, de informações para possíveis identificações

Comparison of attraction patterns of Hermetia illucens (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) associated to buried Rattus norvergicus carcasses with steroid hormones treatment

Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) é uma espécie abundante em todo o continente americano. No entanto, ainda há poucos estudos no Brasil abordando aspectos em relação a sua biologia e ecologia, em particular associados a estudos forenses. Neste trabalho, nós observamos os efeitos de hormônios esteróides na decomposição corporal de Rattus norvergicus, variedade Wistar enterrados na atração de H. illucens. Além da presença de diversas espécies de larvas e adultos de insetos freqüentemente encontrados em carcaças nessas condições, observou-se uma grande quantidade de imaturos de H. illucens. Essa espécie representou aproximadamente 22% de todos os espécimes coletados, tendo aparecido somente nos animais que receberam tratamento com esteróides sexuais dos tipos testosterona, progesterona e estradiol. Dentre esses, a maior abundância foi verificada nos que haviam recebido testosterona (68%). A presença de imaturos de H. illucens, apenas nos animais que receberam o tratamento com esteróides, em experimentos realizados em dois anos consecutivos revela uma possível atração/seleção dessa espécie por corpos com quantidades aumentadas de hormônios sexuais. Esse comportamento pode ser particularmente útil para a entomologia forense no que diz respeito à estimativa do intervalo pós-morte (IPM), particularmente quando tem como base informações sobre o ciclo de vida e ecologia de insetos necrófagos.Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) is an abundant species in the entire American continent. Nevertheless, there are few studies in Brazil dealing with aspects of its biology and ecology, particularly associated with forensic studies. In this study we intended to observe the effects of steroids hormones in the corporal decomposition of buried Rattus norvergicus from the Wistar variety in the attraction of H. illucens. Besides the presence of several insect species commonly found in carcasses, a great amount of immature H. illucens was observed. This species represented approximately 22% of all collected specimens and it was only found in the animals that have received treatment with sexual steroids, such as testosterone, progesterone and estradiol. Among the animals under treatment, the greater abundance was verified in those who had received testosterone (68%). The presence of immatures of H. illucens only in the animals that received hormone treatments in experiments accomplished in two consecutive years strongly suggests a possible attraction of this species for bodies with different amounts of sexual hormones. This behavior can also be relevant for the forensic entomology in regard to the post-mortem interval (PMI) estimation, particularly when the PMI is based on information about the necrophagous insect's life cycle and ecology

ENSINO MÉDIO TÉCNICO INTEGRADO E A EDUCAÇÃO PELA PESQUISA: OLHAR PARA UMA FORMAÇÃO CRÍTICA, SEGUNDO A LEI FEDERAL Nº 11.892/08

A presente pesquisa trata-se de uma reflexão acerca da proposta educacional dos cursos de Ensino Médio Técnico Integrado dos Institutos Federais de Educação Profissional Ciência e Tecnologia, enquanto instituições de fomento à produção de ciência e tecnologia, a nível de educação básica. Diante disso, buscou-se evidenciar as similaridades entre os pressupostos da educação pela pesquisa e as finalidades e objetivos expressos pela Lei Federal 11.892/2008. Consideramos, a partir dos resultados que há semelhanças entre os pressupostos da educação pela pesquisa e os objetivos e finalidades da Lei Federal 11.892/2008, através dos trechos extraídos dos artigos 6º ao 8º. Assim, compreendemos que Institutos Federais possuem a prerrogativa de formar cidadãos críticos, que, a partir do contexto do ensino médio, possam adquirir uma profissão e inclusive, inserir-se na proposta de verticalização de seus estudos, utilizando-se da pesquisa científica para o desenvolvimento social

ESEF 70 Anos: o processo de federalização sob o olhar discente

Artigo publicado na Revista MovimentoEste artigo analisa o processo de federalização da Escola de Educação Física da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul sob o olhar dos discentes que se graduaram em 1970 na primeira turma formada sob o regime federal de ensino. Fundamentada no aporte teórico da História Cultural analisamos aspectos relacionados ao envolvimento político dos alunos nesse processo bem como aspectos relacionados a estrutura e funcionamento da Escola como um todo. Para tanto, recorremos a História Oral entrevistando discentes e docentes do período bem como analisamos fontes de diversa natureza tais como documentos, atas de reuniões, livros, reportagens de jornal, fotografia entre outras. Da análise realizada apreendemos que esta turma vivenciou a federalização de modo muito peculiar: por dentro do processo, mas, em certa medida, muito afastada dele.Produção decorrente do projeto "ESCOLA DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL (1940-2010): mapeando cenários da formação profissional e da produção do conhecimento em políticas públicas de esporte e lazer", financiado pela Rede Cede

Electromagnetic energy harvesting using magnetic levitation architectures: a review

Motion-driven electromagnetic energy harvesters have the ability to provide low-cost and customizable electric powering. They are a well-suited technological solution to autonomously supply a broad range of high-sophisticated devices. This paper presents a detailed review focused on major breakthroughs in the scope of electromagnetic energy harvesting using magnetic levitation architectures. A rigorous analysis of twenty-one design configurations was made to compare their geometric and constructive parameters, optimization methodologies and energy harvesting performances. This review also explores the most relevant models (analytical, semi-analytical, empirical and finite element method) already developed to make intelligible the physical phenomena of their transduction mechanisms. The most relevant approaches to model each physical phenomenon of these transduction mechanisms are highlighted in this paper. Very good agreements were found between experimental and simulation tests with deviations lower than 15%. Moreover, the external motion excitations and electric energy harvesting outputs were also comprehensively compared and critically discussed. Electric power densities up to 8 mW/cm^3 (8 kW/m^3) have already been achieved; for resistive loads, the maximum voltage and current were 43.4 V and 150 mA, respectively, for volumes up to 235 cm^3. Results highlight the potential of these harvesters to convert mechanical energy into electric energy both for large-scale and small-scale applications. Moreover, this paper proposes future research directions towards efficiency maximization and minimization of energy production costs.in publicatio

Physicians' self-assessed empathy levels do not correlate with patients' assessments

Empathy is a fundamental humanistic component of patient care which facilitates efficient and patient-centered clinical encounters. Despite being the principal recipient of physician empathy little work on how patients perceive/report receiving empathy from their physicians has been undertaken. In the context of doctor-patient interactions, knowledge about empathy has mostly originated from physicians' perspectives and has been developed from studies using self-assessment instruments. In general, self-assessment may not correlate well with the reality observed by others.Funding was provided by Fapesp-Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo(2016/11908-1) to Dr Marco Antonio Carvalho-Filhoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Gains and losses in ecosystem services and disservices after converting native forest to agricultural land on an oceanic island

Habitat conversion to agricultural land is one of the main threats to terrestrial biodiversity and can affect ecosystem processes and cause changes in ecosystem services (ESs) and disservices (EDs). Yet, studies often rely only on the abundance and diversity of the service providers; the effects on ecological processes of habitat conversion are rarely directly monitored. In this study, we used the sentinel approach to evaluate how habitat conversion from native forest to agricultural land affected ESs and EDs on an oceanic island. We quantified herbivory on lettuce plants, invertebrate and vertebrate predation rates on artificial caterpillars, pollination on strawberry plants, seed predation on wheat and mustard seeds, and leaf decomposition rates in native forests, maize fields and pastures on Terceira Island, Azores (Portugal). Herbivory, invertebrate predation rates, and pollination service were not significantly different between habitats. Vertebrate predation rates in native forests (mean 6.1% d⁻¹) were significantly higher than that in pastures (0.3% d⁻¹), or high-elevation maize fields (0.5% d⁻¹), and marginally higher than in low-elevation maize fields (2.2% d⁻¹). Overall seed predation after 48 h was significantly higher on wheat (mean 16.8%) than mustard seeds (5.6%). High-elevation maize fields also had higher seed predation (27.8%) than low-elevation ones (0.6%) or pastures (3.6%), but did not differ from the native forest (12.9%). Decomposition after 90 days was highest in pastures (78.4% and 45.9%, for tea and rooibos, respectively); although no significant differences between habitats were detected, except for low-elevation maize fields (64.4% and 33.6%). Conversion from native forest to cultivated land did not cause a clear decrease in the intensity of the studied ESs/EDs except for vertebrate predation. Using direct monitoring tools to simultaneously and consistently quantify multiple ecological processes is not only possible but needed, as ecological processes can respond differently to landscape changes.This work was financed by FEDER (European Regional Development Fund) in 85% and by Azorean public funds by 15% through Operational Program Azores 2020, under the project AGRO-ECOSERVICES (ACORES01-0145-FEDER-000073).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Expedient microwave-assisted synthesis of Bis( n )-lophine analogues as selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors: Cytotoxicity evaluation and molecular modelling

In the brain of patients with chronic Alzheimer's disease (AD), the butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) levels rise while the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels decrease. Therefore, development of new selective BuChE inhibitors is of vital importance. Here we present a series of bis(n)-lophine analogues, where two lophine derivatives are connected by a methylene chain. The bis(n)-lophine analogues were synthesized through one-pot four component reaction between pyridinecarboxaldehydes, 1,n-alkanediamines, benzil, and ammonium acetate. The reactions were performed in a microwave reactor in one step for symmetrical bis(n)-lophines, and in two steps for unsymmetrical bis(n)-lophines. The compounds are strongly selective to BuChE, since none of them inhibit AChE. All the compounds, except 7a, 7b and 7c, displayed potent inhibitory activity against BuChE at a micromolar and sub-micromolar range (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) 32.25-0.03 μM). The enzyme kinetic and docking studies suggests that the inhibitor act as a dual binding site inhibitor, binding into the bottom of the gorge and in the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of BuChE cavity. Furthermore, in vitro studies showed that compounds 5b and 12b had no cytotoxic effects in kidney Vero, hepatic HepG2 and C6 astroglial cell lines.Fil: Câmara, Viktor S.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Soares, Ana Julia. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Biscussi, Brunella. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Murray, Ana Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Guedes, Isabella A.. Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica; BrasilFil: Dardenne, Laurent E.. Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica; BrasilFil: Ruaro, Thaís C.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Zimmer, Aline R.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Ceschi, Marco A.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasi

A simultaneous assessment of multiple ecosystem services and disservices in vineyards and orchards on Terceira Island, Azores

Monitoring ecosystem processes resulting in ecosystem services (ESs) and disservices (EDs) is crucial in agricultural ecosystems. Traditionally, ESs/EDs provided by arthropods have been estimated indirectly by measuring arthropod abundance and diversity, overlooking the recognised limitations of such approach. Using a consistent methodology based on the sentinel approach, we quantified the intensity of five ecological processes leading to four ESs and two EDs in vineyards and citrus orchards on Terceira Island, Azores. We assessed herbivory rates on lettuce plants (ED), predation rates on green plasticine caterpillars by vertebrates and invertebrates (ES), the intensity of insect pollination on strawberry plants (ES), the rates of predation on wheat and dandelion seeds (ED and ES, respectively) by rodents and invertebrates, and decomposition rates using tea and rooibos leaves (ES). Herbivory rates after 2 weeks were significantly lower in vineyards (mean ± SD; 0.5 ± 0.6%) than in citrus orchards (3.6 ± 2.9%). Vertebrate predation rates in vineyards (4.0 ± 13.6% d⁻¹) were significantly higher than in citrus orchards (2.4 ± 10.7% d⁻¹), while no differences were observed for overall and invertebrate predation rates. Pollination efficiency in vineyards (214.5 ± 23.9 seeds/fruit) was significantly higher than in citrus orchards (162.0 ± 14.7 seeds/fruit). Seed predation rates were higher, although not significantly so, in citrus orchards (2.0 ± 5.8% d⁻¹) than in vineyards (0.3 ± 0.8% d⁻¹). Decomposition was significantly higher on tea than on rooibos leaves, both in vineyards (1.15 ± 0.11 g vs. 0.72 ± 0.16 g) and citrus orchards (1.34 ± 0.06 g vs. 0.78 ± 0.13 g); no differences between mass loss in the two habitats were observed. Our results demonstrated the suitability of simple, direct monitoring tools for a quantitative comparison of agricultural habitats, confirm that landscape complexity does not always support ESs, and that the same agro-ecosystem characteristics that support ESs could occasionally also favour EDs.This work was financed by FEDER (European Regional Development Fund) in 85% and by Azorean Public Funds by 15% through Operational Program Azores 2020, under the project AGRO-ECOSERVICES (ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000073).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio